Public Transport Subsidies & Travel Characteristics of Pass Holders

Travel passes have long been used as a fare subsidy strategy to reduce commuting costs and encourage public transport usage. However, there is often limited understanding of who the users are and the specific benefits they derive from these passes. This research aims to explore the travel pass systems of Bengaluru's public transport network, specifically BMTC buses and BMRCL metro services, to understand the travel behavior of pass holders and identify opportunities for system improvements.

The study investigates travel passes, types and usage and various aspects, including commuting patterns, user preferences regarding travel passes, current system challenges, and potential areas for enhancement. It draws on two primary sources of data:

Secondary Data: Historical data spanning 5–6 years from BMTC and BMRCL was analyzed to assess trends in travel pass sales and usage. This analysis offers insights into the long-term performance and adoption of travel passes, forming the foundation for understanding their overall effectiveness.

Primary Data: A comprehensive survey was conducted with nearly 6,000 respondents. The survey captured insights into their travel patterns, socio-economic backgrounds, and preferences, targeting both pass holders and non-pass holders. This allowed for a deeper exploration of pass usage behavior, the factors influencing pass adoption, and the barriers that prevent wider usage.

Through this research, the study aims to provide a clearer understanding of the current travel pass system and identify strategic opportunities for improving its design and implementation, ultimately enhancing the public transport experience in Bengaluru.